Actinomycosis: a potential complication of head and neck surgery.

Actinomycosis is a granulomatous infection occasionally found in the head and neck region that potentially may complicate a major head and neck oncologic surgical procedure. A case presentation, a review of the pertinent literature, and the treatment of this infectious complication are the primary elements of this report. A chronic infection of the neck caused by Actinomyces ssp developed postoperatively in a patient treated for head and neck cancer. Despite relapse after an initial course of long-term antibiotic therapy, the infection was successfully eradicated. Actinomycosis after surgery for head and neck cancer is unusual. However, the etiologic agent, Actinomyces ssp, is a common, potential microbial contaminant of head and neck surgery characterized by oral cavity or pharyngeal entry. Recognition of the typical manifestation of this infection in the neck facilitates prompt, appropriate treatment.