Heat shock factor function and regulation in response to cellular stress, growth, and differentiation signals.

Heat shock factors (HSF) activate the transcription of genes encoding products required for protein folding, processing, targeting, degradation, and function. Although HSFs have been extensively studied with respect to their role in thermotolerance and the activation of gene expression in response to environmental stress, the involvement of HSFs in response to stresses associated with cell growth and differentiation, and in response to normal physiological processes is becoming increasingly clear. In this work, we review recent advances toward understanding how cells transmit growth control and developmental signals, and interdigitate cellular physiology, to regulate HSF function.