Tracheostomy care: tracheal suctioning and humidification.

Tracheostomy care is a complex nursing activity and has many potential complications. However, aspects of tracheostomy care appear to be carried out without uniformity and with some confusion as to correct techniques, especially outside the ear, nose and throat and intensive care environments. Some aspects of the literature appear contradictory, leaving nurses to make individual judgments about correct procedures. It is the nurse who is accountable for the care given; therefore, with the wealth of evidence available, it is important that the nurse is adequately trained and fully competent in the care of a patient with a tracheostomy. This article discusses particular aspects of tracheostomy care: assessment; tracheal suctioning; suction pressure; suction catheters; and humidity.