Projections of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus to cardiac ganglia of rat atria: an anterograde tracing study.

We injected the anterograde fluorescent tracer 1,1'-dioleyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine methanesulfonate (DiI) into the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DmnX), counterstained the cardiac ganglia with Fluorogold (FG), and used confocal microscopy to examine the distributions and different types of DmnX fibers in wholemounts of the atria. We also quantified the number of DmnX cardiac axons and the number of innervated cardiac principal neurons (PNs). Rats with unilateral DiI injections were used in three different experiments, including unilateral FG soaking of cervical vagal trunks, intracranially rhizotomizing the vagal afferent roots, or contralaterally sectioning the cervical vagus. These manipulations indicated that DiI-labeled cardiac fibers were exclusively from the DmnX. Our observations established that: (1) three major ganglionic plexuses were localized in the epicardium; (2) both sides of the DmnX supplied significant fibers to each of the plexuses; (3) these cardiac efferents formed dense basket terminals around individual PNs; (4) collaterals of individual DmnX fibers diverged, producing calyx endings on multiple PNs; (5) small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells in the cardiac plexuses were innervated pericellularly; (6) individual axons could innervate both PNs and SIF cells; (7) the total number of DmnX fibers were in the range of [68, 96; left] and [67, 115; right]; (8) these fibers innervated 709 (left) and 494 (right), or at least 18% and 12%, of the PNs, respectively; and (9) vagal preganglionics exhibited a degree of lateralization: Significantly more PNs were contacted by fiber varicosities in the sinoatrial plexus than in the atrioventricular plexus after right DmnX injections. In summary, the present observations suggest that the DmnX plays a significant role(s) in controlling the heart.