BACKGROUND: A number of studies have demonstrated an important role for macrophages (M phi) in lipid-induced glomerular injury; however, little is known of the mechanisms that facilitate M phi infiltration in this disease. This study examined the expression of M phi chemotactic molecules M phi migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and leukocyte adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) during the induction of glomerular M phi infiltration in ExHC rats, a strain that is susceptible to lipid-induced glomerular injury. METHODS: Groups of five ExHC rats were fed a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) containing 3% cholesterol, 0.6% sodium cholate, and 15% olive oil and were killed after three days or one, two, or six weeks. Control animals were killed on day 0 or after six weeks on a normal diet. RESULTS: ExHC rats fed an HCD showed marked hypercholesterolemia in the absence of any increase in plasma triglyceride levels from day 3 and developed mild proteinuria and segmental glomerular lesions at week 6. Immunoperoxidase staining identified a significant increase in glomerular ED1+ M phi at week 1, which was further increased at week 6, when M phi-derived foam cells were seen in almost all glomeruli. Many of the infiltrating glomerular M phi expressed lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) and very late antigen-4 (VLA-4), which are ligands for ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, respectively. Coincident with the induction of hypercholesterolemia on day 3 and prior to significant M phi infiltration, combined in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry staining demonstrated a marked up-regulation of M-CSF and MIF mRNA expression by glomerular mesangial cells and podocytes. There was also a significant increase in ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA expression by intrinsic glomerular cells, including endothelial cells, on day 3 of the HCD. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that hypercholesterolemia can induce a classic proinflammatory response within the kidney glomerulus, involving production of well-described M phi chemotactic and adhesion molecules, which results in M phi recruitment and the development of glomerular injury.
BACKGROUND: A number of studies have demonstrated an important role for macrophages (M phi) in lipid-induced glomerular injury; however, little is known of the mechanisms that facilitate M phi infiltration in this disease. This study examined the expression of M phi chemotactic molecules M phi migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and leukocyte adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) during the induction of glomerular M phi infiltration in ExHC rats, a strain that is susceptible to lipid-induced glomerular injury. METHODS: Groups of five ExHC rats were fed a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) containing 3% cholesterol, 0.6% sodium cholate, and 15% olive oil and were killed after three days or one, two, or six weeks. Control animals were killed on day 0 or after six weeks on a normal diet. RESULTS: ExHC rats fed an HCD showed marked hypercholesterolemia in the absence of any increase in plasma triglyceride levels from day 3 and developed mild proteinuria and segmental glomerular lesions at week 6. Immunoperoxidase staining identified a significant increase in glomerular ED1+ M phi at week 1, which was further increased at week 6, when M phi-derived foam cells were seen in almost all glomeruli. Many of the infiltrating glomerular M phi expressed lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) and very late antigen-4 (VLA-4), which are ligands for ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, respectively. Coincident with the induction of hypercholesterolemia on day 3 and prior to significant M phi infiltration, combined in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry staining demonstrated a marked up-regulation of M-CSF and MIF mRNA expression by glomerular mesangial cells and podocytes. There was also a significant increase in ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA expression by intrinsic glomerular cells, including endothelial cells, on day 3 of the HCD. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that hypercholesterolemia can induce a classic proinflammatory response within the kidney glomerulus, involving production of well-described M phi chemotactic and adhesion molecules, which results in M phi recruitment and the development of glomerular injury.
Authors: Ionel Alexandru Checheriţă; Gina Manda; Mihai Eugen Hinescu; Ileana Peride; Andrei Niculae; Ştefana Bîlha; Angelica Grămăticu; Luminiţa Voroneanu; Adrian Covic Journal: Int Urol Nephrol Date: 2016-01-12 Impact factor: 2.370
Authors: Masayo Naito; Ananth Shenoy; Isao Aoyama; Joseph S Koopmeiners; Radko Komers; H William Schnaper; Karol Bomsztyk Journal: Am J Nephrol Date: 2009-02-19 Impact factor: 3.754
Authors: Michael C Braun; Stacy M Herring; Nisha Gokul; Monique Monita; Rebecca Bell; M John Hicks; Scott E Wenderfer; Peter A Doris Journal: J Hypertens Date: 2013-10 Impact factor: 4.844