Biopharmaceutical properties of uricase conjugated to neutral and amphiphilic polymers.

A comparative pharmacokinetic and biodistribution investigation of polymer-protein conjugates prepared with various amphiphilic polymers was carried out using uricase as a model. Four polymer-uricase derivatives have been obtained by covalent binding of a similar number of polymer chains of (a) linear poly(ethylene glycol) (Mw 5000 Da); (b) branched poly(ethylene glycol) (Mw 10 000 Da); (c) poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (Mw 6000 Da); (d) poly(N-acryloilmorpholine) (Mw 6000 Da). By intravenous administration to Balb/c mice, the conjugates displayed different pharmacokinetic and organ distribution behaviors. (1) The unmodified enzyme and the poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) conjugate were the enzyme forms with the shortest and the longest permanence in blood respectively (mean residence time 45 and 4378 min). (2) Native uricase was found to localize soon after administration significantly in heart, lungs, and liver from where it was also rapidly cleared. (3) The poly(N-acryloilmorpholine) derivative showed the highest concentration levels in liver (up to 25.5% of the dose) and considerable accumulation took also place in the other considered organs. (4) Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)-uricase displayed a relevant tropism for liver but low uptake indexes were found for the other organs. (5) The branched poly(ethylene glycol) derivative accumulated preferentially in liver and spleen. (6) The linear poly(ethylene glycol) conjugate was, among the various uricase forms, the species with the lowest distribution levels in all the examined organs. (7) Finally, all the enzyme forms slowly disposed in kidneys with higher levels for the poly(N-acryloilmorpholine) derivative (15% after 2880 min) and unmodified uricase (14% after 1440 min).