Ventilation and locomotion coupling in varsity male rowers.

Ventilation and locomotion coupling (entrainment) has been observed and described in rowers during incremental exercise protocols but not during simulated race conditions. The purpose of this descriptive study was to examine ventilation and locomotion entrainment on a breath-by-breath and stroke-by-stroke basis in varsity male rowers during a maximal 2,000-m ergometer test. Eight of eleven rowers entrained ventilation at integral multiples of stroke rate (1:1, 2:1, or 3:1) for at least 120 consecutive seconds, with a 2:1 entrainment pattern being most common. In all 2:1-entrained subjects, inspiration occurred at catch and finish and expiration occurred during the latter portions of drive and recovery. In entrained and unentrained breaths from all rowers, peak flow rates and tidal volumes varied depending on when the breath was initiated during the stroke cycle. Entrained rowers made use of these differences and breathed in a pattern by which they avoided initiating breaths that resulted in reduced tidal volumes. The present data indicated that ventilation was impaired at stroke finish and not at catch, as hypothesized by some previous researchers. Ventilation also appeared to be subordinate to consistent locomotive patterns under race conditions.