BACKGROUND: This article presents prospective longitudinal findings on prevalence, incidence, patterns of change and stability of depressive disorders in a community sample of 1228 adolescents. METHODS: Data were collected at baseline and follow-up (20 months later) in a representative population sample of 1228 adolescents, aged 14-17 at baseline. Diagnostic assessment was based on the Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI). RESULTS: The overall cumulative lifetime incidence of any depressive condition was 20.0% (major depressive disorder (MDD), 12.2%; dysthymia, 3-5%; subthreshold MDD, 6.3%), of which about one-third were incident depressions in the period between baseline and follow-up. Depressive disorders rarely started before the age of 13. Females were about twice as likely as males to develop a depressive disorder. Overall, the 20-month outcome of baseline depression was unfavourable. Dysthymia had the poorest outcome of all, with a complete remission rate of only 33% versus 43% for MDD and 54% for subthreshold MDD. Dysthymia also had the highest number of depressive episodes, and most psychosocial impairment and suicidal behavioural during follow-up. Treatment rates were low (8-23%). Subthreshold MDD associated with considerable impairment had an almost identical course and outcome as threshold MDD. CONCLUSIONS: DSM-IV MDD and dysthymia are rare before the age of 13, but frequent during adolescence, with an estimated lifetime cumulative incidence of 14%. Only a minority of these disorders in adolescence is treated, and more than half of them persist or remit only partly.
BACKGROUND: This article presents prospective longitudinal findings on prevalence, incidence, patterns of change and stability of depressive disorders in a community sample of 1228 adolescents. METHODS: Data were collected at baseline and follow-up (20 months later) in a representative population sample of 1228 adolescents, aged 14-17 at baseline. Diagnostic assessment was based on the Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI). RESULTS: The overall cumulative lifetime incidence of any depressive condition was 20.0% (major depressive disorder (MDD), 12.2%; dysthymia, 3-5%; subthreshold MDD, 6.3%), of which about one-third were incident depressions in the period between baseline and follow-up. Depressive disorders rarely started before the age of 13. Females were about twice as likely as males to develop a depressive disorder. Overall, the 20-month outcome of baseline depression was unfavourable. Dysthymia had the poorest outcome of all, with a complete remission rate of only 33% versus 43% for MDD and 54% for subthreshold MDD. Dysthymia also had the highest number of depressive episodes, and most psychosocial impairment and suicidal behavioural during follow-up. Treatment rates were low (8-23%). Subthreshold MDD associated with considerable impairment had an almost identical course and outcome as threshold MDD. CONCLUSIONS: DSM-IV MDD and dysthymia are rare before the age of 13, but frequent during adolescence, with an estimated lifetime cumulative incidence of 14%. Only a minority of these disorders in adolescence is treated, and more than half of them persist or remit only partly.
Authors: Jadon R Webb; Jean Addington; Diana O Perkins; Carrie E Bearden; Kristin S Cadenhead; Tyrone D Cannon; Barbara A Cornblatt; Robert K Heinssen; Larry J Seidman; Sarah I Tarbox; Ming T Tsuang; Elaine F Walker; Thomas H McGlashan; Scott W Woods Journal: Schizophr Bull Date: 2015-09 Impact factor: 9.306
Authors: Laura R Stroud; George D Papandonatos; Douglas E Williamson; Ronald E Dahl Journal: Psychoneuroendocrinology Date: 2011-04-13 Impact factor: 4.905
Authors: Hannes Bohman; Ulf Jonsson; Aivar Päären; Anne-Liis Von Knorring; Gunilla Olsson; Lars Von Knorring Journal: Ups J Med Sci Date: 2010-02 Impact factor: 2.384