Viral interference in HIV-1 infected cells.

The study of viral interference in HIV-1 infected cells has revealed several different means whereby infected cells resist superinfection. The most familiar of these, down-modulation of cellular receptors for virus, can be accomplished through the independent action of at least three HIV-1 proteins. Both the principal viral receptor CD4 and the chemokine receptors which serve as co-receptors are subject to down-modulation as a consequence of infection. Elucidation of the specificity of co-receptor utilisation by HIV-1 strains is an exciting, ongoing task which has opened new avenues to the understanding of viral replication and pathogenesis. Novel routes to resistance to superinfection have been discovered during HIV-1 infection and their investigation may reveal new pathways to control HIV-1 and the loss of immunological function with AIDS. Copyright 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.