The nuclear pore complex: from molecular architecture to functional dynamics.

Toward dissecting the molecular composition and architecture of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), over the past 18 months novel nucleoporins and NPC subcomplexes were identified and characterized. The three-dimensional structure of isolated yeast NPCs was determined by electron cryomicroscopy. New specimen preparation and labeling protocols localized a number of nucleoporins and NPC subcomplexes within the three-dimensional architecture of the yeast NPC. Structural changes of native NPCs mediated by physiological effectors such as calcium or ATP were monitored by time-lapse atomic force microscopy, thus revealing a first glimpse of the NPC's functional dynamics.