Biomaterials in ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery.

Over the past several years, new biomaterials have been developed or modified for use in ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery. Hydroxyapatite and high-density porous polyethylene are extensively utilized in enucleation and evisceration surgery as well as in orbit reconstruction. Absorbable plates and screws as well as cyanoacrylate glue are at the forefront of fracture repair. Silicone and polytetrafluoroethylene eyelid implants are important adjuncts for adult and congenital ptosis repair. As technology advances, new materials will be developed and new applications identified. An understanding of biomaterials and their use is essential for every oculoplastic surgeon.