Evaluation of the female with neurogenic voiding dysfunction.

Neurological disease can have a profound effect on the lower and upper urinary tracts. Symptoms, such as incontinence and inability to void, as well as sequelae of hydronephrosis and renal insufficiency, are not uncommon. It is imperative that neurogenic voiding dysfunction by aggressively treated to avoid these problems. Care of the patient with neurogenic voiding dysfunction starts with an understanding of the neurophysiology of micturition and how this can be affected by various neurological diseases. The clinician must also be able to classify voiding dysfunction through history and physical examination and urodynamic testing so that proper treatment can be instituted.