Mitochondrial DNA Diversity in Three Populations of the Giant Tiger Shrimp Penaeus monodon.

: Mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (mtDNA-RFLP) was utilized for determination of genetic variation and population structure in Penaeus monodon collected from Satun (the Andaman Sea) and Surat and Trat (the Gulf of Thailand). Twenty-eight composite haplotypes were generated from 52 restriction profiles of P. monodon mtDNA digested with 11 restriction endonucleases. The size of the entire P. monodon mitochondrial genome was estimated to be 15.913 +/- 0.177 kb. The average haplotype diversity in P. monodon was 0.864, whereas the mean nucleotide diversity within populations was 2.51%, 2.22%, and 1.91% for Satun, Trat, and Surat, respectively. Geographic heterogeneity analysis indicated population differentiation between P. monodon from the Andaman Sea and P. monodon from the Gulf of Thailand (p <.0001). On the basis of the high genetic diversity level of P. monodon in Thailand, the Satun and Trat P. monodon populations from the west and east of the pennisula were selected to be founder stocks in our selective breeding program.