Some effects of the fungicide propiconazole on cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferase in brown trout (Salmo trutta).

The fungicide propiconazole (1-(2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl) -1H-1,2,4-triazole) induced the hepatic cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) activity towards ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), the content of CYP1A protein as quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity towards the three commonly used substrates CDNB(1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene), cumene hydroperoxide (CU) and ethachrynic acid (EA) in brown trout (Salmo trutta) depending on dose and body weight. An exponential dose response relationship existed between propiconazole exposure and CYP1A activity. A 2. order polynomial regression of the propiconazole concentration (square root transformed) on the data for CDNB, EU and CU revealed a bell-shaped pattern of the GST induction. Reverse-phase HPLC of the GSH-affinity chromatography purified GST isozymes in trout exposed to respectively 8.3, 23, 93, 313 and 606 microg l(-1) propiconazole in the water indicated that the propiconazole treatment may lead to changes in the composition of the subunits compared to the controls. Thus, propiconazole exposure through the water changed the properties of the brown trout hepatic CYP1A and GST, and these changes may be used as a bioindicator on the molecular level of exposure and effect of propiconazole in controlled experiments. The use in monitoring of propiconazole exposure under natural field conditions is possible, however needs further investigation.