High rate of mosaicism in tuberous sclerosis complex.

Six families with mosaicism are identified in a series of 62 unrelated families with a mutation in one of the two tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) genes, TSC1 or TSC2. In five families, somatic mosaicism was present in a mildly affected parent of an index patient. In one family with clinically unaffected parents, gonadal mosaicism was detected after TSC was found in three children. The detection of mosaicism has consequences for genetic counseling of the families involved, as changed risks apply to individuals with mosaicism, both siblings and parents. Clinical investigation of parents of patients with seemingly sporadic mutations is essential to determine their residual chance of gonadal and/or somatic mosaicism, unless a mosaic pattern is detected in the index patient, proving a de novo event. In our data set, the exclusion of signs of TSC in the parents of a patient with TSC reduced the chance of one of the parents to be a (mosaic) mutation carrier from 10% to 2%. In the five families with somatic mosaicism, the parent was given the diagnosis after the diagnosis was made in the child.