Too many on the seesaw: stakeholder diagnosis and management for hospitals.

If hospital managers are to cope with the environmental turbulence and uncertainty facing hospitals, they must effectively manager their stakeholders. The stakeholder approach helps integrate managerial concerns normally treated separately, such as strategic management, marketing, human resource management, organizational politics, and social responsibility. This approach enables hospital executives to develop strategies for handling conflicting demands for effectiveness and efficiency from various stakeholders. Four generic strategies hospital managers can use depending on the type of stakeholder are detailed, and an overarching strategy for hospital managers is discussed.