Adolescents' perceptions of aloneness and loneliness.

It is theorized that we are born with the need both to be alone and to be connected with others. Aloneness, like attachment, is seen as necessary for human growth, with loneliness being the negative extreme. Yet, can feelings of loneliness be distinguished from the need to be alone? To answer this question, the present paper reviews theories and research on loneliness and aloneness. In addition, the perceptions of adolescents are presented. They were found to be able to distinguish between the two states. Loneliness, as anticipated, was viewed negatively, being coupled with sadness and hopelessness. Aloneness was viewed as a neutral state. It is recommended that future research explore the positive dimensions of aloneness, including when adolescents choose to be alone, what they do while alone, and how they feel after being alone.