Surgical management of advanced and recurrent cervical cancer.

Since the early 1940s, the incidence of cervical cancer has dramatically decreased due in large part to the work of Papanicolaou and Traut. Successful treatment can now be done using simple or radical surgical intervention for early invasive lesions and radiation therapy for more advanced lesions. However, despite current advances in screening and early treatment, local recurrences still happen and are difficult to treat. The natural history of cervical cancers is that of a slowly growing, locally invasive tumor. As such, it lends itself to radical surgical resection in selected patients prior to distant metastasis. Current advances in intraoperative and postoperative monitoring, as well as improved surgical techniques and devices, have decreased the morbidity and mortality of radical surgical procedures to acceptable levels. Current data associated with these procedures for advanced or recurrent cervical cancer are described.