Antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity using hepatocellular carcinoma reactive monoclonal antibody.

We have established monoclonal antibodies from mice immunized with the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, hu-H2. One of the antibodies, designated 523(KY-3), was reactive with this hepatocellular carcinoma cell line as well as with the human pancreatic cancer cell line, MIA. Another monoclonal antibody, 512(KY-2), only reacted with the hepato-cellular carcinoma cell lines. Neither antibody reacted with the colon cancer cell line CW3. Pretreatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with 523 resulted in enhancement of their natural cytotoxicity to hu-H2 (9.0 vs 18.4% in subject 1, 3.5 vs 14.7% in subject 2, and 14.2 vs 31.0% in subject 3). In contrast, such antibody mediated enhanced natural cytotoxicity was not found by pretreatment of the same peripheral blood mononuclear cell with 512. With the similarity in reactivity of 523, this antibody dependent enhancement was found in natural cytotoxicity to hu-H2 and MIA but not to CW3. Based on the facts that 523 did not have a direct cytopathic effect on these tumours and that this 523-mediated enhanced natural cytotoxicity was inhibited by anti-FcgammaRIII antibody, we concluded that the 523-mediated enhanced cytotoxicity reflects its activity to induce antibody dependent cytotoxic cells. Thus, these results demonstrate that several distinct tumour-specific antigens exist in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and that one of them represents a potentially useful target for immunotherapy of human hepatocellular carcinoma.