Allele-specific amplification for the diagnosis of autosomal recessive spinal muscular atrophy.

The SMN1 gene is homozygously deleted for at least exon 7, interrupted or converted to a non-functional telomeric copy in most cases of proximal spinal muscular atrophies. The presence of a pseudogene hampers direct detection of the exon 7 deletion. We describe a method for the detection of the of exon 7 deletion, based on the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS), in a multiplex PCR with fluorescent-labelled primers. The gene and pseudogene amplification products differ in the dye bound and in their size, which allows distinction of both products on electrophoresis. The pseudogene is used as an internal control, and this method gives a clear and specific pattern for the patients. Amplification is achieved with 30 cycles, and specificity is retained up to 40 cycles.