Hypertension: setting new goals for lower readings.

Mean systolic blood pressures increase and mean diastolic pressures decrease with aging, primarily in response to the stiffening of blood vessels. These trends are related to the interplay of genetic factors that control renal, vascular, and hormonal functions. The prevalence of hypertension and the rate of blood pressure control vary among population groups; only one-fourth (24%) of all Americans with hypertension are controlled. Some persistent myths about hypertension may interfere with its diagnosis and treatment. Other barriers to control appear to be the side effects and cost of medications. Control rates improve when physicians increase their emphasis on patient education.