Engineered erythrocytes: influence of P50 rightward shift and oxemia on oxygen transport to tissues.

The red blood cell (RBC) membrane may be reversibly opened using a lysis-resealing continuous flow method. The technology was adapted to the internalisation of an allosteric effector of haemoglobin, Inositol-Hexaphosphate (IHP). This molecule, occupying the allosteric site of 2,3 Bis-Phosphoglycerate with a very large affinity, induces a rightward shift of the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve (ODC). From ODC parameters in human volunteers, the potential effect of P50 (oxygen pressure at 50% haemoglobin saturation) on oxygen exchangeable fraction (OEF%), for various oxygen partial pressures (oxemia) was evaluated. For hyperoxic or normoxic arterial oxygen pressure (paO2), rightward shift greatly improved OEF%. In optimised conditions, engineered erythrocytes were potentially able to deliver two to three times more oxygen than normal cells. For patients with decreased paO2, as observed in chronic obstructive pulmonary deficiency (COPD), the reduction in arterial oxygen saturation (saO2%) reduces the benefit of the treatment for paO2 values between 60 and 80 mmHg. Below 60 mmHg, the saO2% reduction cannot be compensated by a corresponding reduction in svO2%, particularly for organs with physiologically low svO2%. In these organs, deleterious effects could be observed for a very large rightward shift of the ODC. Such engineered cells have unique properties for oxygen transport improvement and may be used for the treatment of patients suffering from diseases associated with hypoxia and ischemia.