Ca2+-activated outward currents in neostriatal neurons.

Whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings of outward currents were obtained from acutely dissociated neurons of the rat neostriatum in conditions in which inward Ca2+ current was not blocked and intracellular Ca2+ concentration was lightly buffered. Na+ currents were blocked with tetrodotoxin. In this situation, about 53 +/- 4% (mean +/- S.E.M.; n = 18) of the outward current evoked by a depolarization to 0 mV was sensitive to 400 microM Cd2+. A similar percentage was sensitive to high concentrations of intracellular chelators or to extracellular Ca2+ reduction (<500 microM); 35+/-4% (n=25) of the outward current was sensitive to 3.0 mM 4-aminopyridine. Most of the remaining current was blocked by 10 mM tetraethylammonium. The results suggest that about half of the outward current is activated by Ca2+ entry in the present conditions. The peptidic toxins charybdotoxin, iberotoxin and apamin confirmed these results, since 34 +/- 5% (n = 14), 29 5% (n= 14) and 28 +/- 6% (n=9) of the outward current was blocked by these peptides, respectively. The effects of charybdotoxin and iberotoxin added to that of apamin, but their effects largely occluded each other. There was additional Cd2+ block after the effect of any combination of toxins. Therefore, it is concluded that Ca2+-activated outward currents in neostriatal neurons comprise several components, including small and large conductance types. In addition, the present experiments demonstrate that Ca2+-activated K+ currents are a very important component of the outward current activated by depolarization in neostriatal neurons.