Current paradoxes and changing paradigms in vaccinology.

Other than the provision of clean water, food and sanitation, no other deliberate human intervention has prolonged the human life span as much as the provision of vaccines and the control of infectious disease. Since 1950, 25 vaccines have been licensed in the US, 15 of these for routine universal use in the population. On the horizon are vaccines not only to prevent infectious diseases, but also vaccines against cancer and a host of other human ills. Despite these public health and scientific accomplishments however, the manner in which we think about, develop and apply vaccines to the public health has common heuristic flaws which prevent realizing the full benefits of vaccines to society. This paper will discuss a number of current paradoxes and changing paradigms related to the field of vaccinology.