Work dysfunction and addiction. Common roots.

A review of the literature identified similarities in the self-efficacy roots of substance abuse and vocational dysfunction, along with a potential benefit to providing vocational interventions as part of substance abuse treatment. Based upon the evidence presented, the author recommends the use of social cognitive counseling; using client functioning and level of care to guide vocational interventions; closely monitoring clients who are working; providing for ongoing social support; and committing to the availability of long-term aftercare and crisis intervention counseling to insure developmental gains are not lost.