Regulation of caspase activation and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)-induced cell death by protein kinase C.

Activation of caspases is critical for the induction of apoptosis. We have shown previously that cell death mediated by the anticancer agent cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cDDP) is influenced by the protein kinase C (PKC) signal transduction pathway. In the present study, we have examined whether regulation of cDDP sensitivity by PKC involves caspase activation. cDDP caused a time- and concentration-dependent increase in the generation of the catalytic fragment (CF) of novel (n) PKCdelta, nPKCepsilon, and atypical (a) PKCzeta but had little effect on conventional (c) PKCalpha. Cleavage of PKC isozymes was associated with the activation of caspase-3 and -7 but not of caspase-2. PKC activators enhanced cDDP-induced cleavage of these isozymes and activation of caspase-3. Rottlerin, an inhibitor of nPKCdelta, blocked caspase-3 activation and proteolytic cleavage of nPKCdelta by cDDP. Bryostatin 1, which elicits a biphasic concentration-response in potentiating cell death by cDDP, exhibited a similar biphasic effect on cDDP-induced activation of caspase-3 and caspase-7 and the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; while 1 nM bryostatin 1 induced maximum activation of these caspases, 1 microM bryostatin 1 had little effect. z-DEVD-fmk, an inhibitor of caspase-3-like proteases, prevented cDDP-induced cell death. Bryostatin 1 also induced a similar biphasic down-regulation of nPKCdelta but not of cPKCalpha or nPKCepsilon. These results suggest that nPKCdelta not only acts downstream of caspases but also regulates the activation of caspases and that the biphasic concentration response of bryostatin 1 on cDDP-induced cell death could be explained by its distinct effect on nPKCdelta down-regulation and caspase activation.