Measurement of prostate-specific antigen in detection of benign or malignant breast disease in women.

Using a highly sensitive chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay, we have evaluated the measurement of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a potential diagnostic test for differentiation between women with breast cancer and those with benign breast disease. In a controlled study consisting of 284 women with well-documented patient files and matched for age and long-term place of residence, serum samples collected from 90 women with histologically confirmed breast cancer, 94 women with benign breast disease and 100 controls were analysed. Serum total PSA levels in benign breast disease and cancer patients are not statistically different from those of healthy controls. Total PSA levels decrease with age in normal controls and breast cancer patients but not in those with benign breast disease. The total PSA concentration decreases after menopause in healthy women, though not in patients with breast cancer or benign breast disease. Total PSA bore no relation to the histological type or grade of the tumour or the disease stage of the breast cancer patients. In benign breast disease, all mastopathy patients had normal total PSA, whereas elevation of the values was observed in 7% of fibroadenoma patients. Our results show that serum total PSA cannot be used to distinguish between healthy women and/or women with breast cancer or benign breast disease.