Osteonecrosis of the hip: summary and conclusions.

This concluding chapter provides a summary and overview of a complex topic. It reviews the current concepts regarding the etiology and pathogenesis and describes methods for the early diagnosis, staging, and evaluation of avascular necrosis. Treatment options are discussed, including the role of conservative or nonoperative management, the procedures designed to retard progression and preserve the femoral head, and the arthroplasties and other reconstructive procedures required after femoral head collapse.