Calcium signalling in glial cells.

Calcium signals are the universal way of glial responses to the various types of stimulation. Glial cells express numerous receptors and ion channels linked to the generation of complex cytoplasmic calcium responses. The glial calcium signals are able to propagate within glial cells and to create a spreading intercellular Ca2+ wave which allow information exchange within the glial networks. These propagating Ca2+ waves are primarily mediated by intracellular excitable media formed by intracellular calcium storage organelles. The glial calcium signals could be evoked by neuronal activity and vice versa they may initiate electrical and Ca2+ responses in adjacent neurones. Thus glial calcium signals could integrate glial and neuronal compartments being therefore involved in the information processing in the brain.