OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of the metabolic abnormalities associated with hypertension and to define the predictors of the metabolic syndrome by different definitions in random population-based samples. DESIGN: A cross-sectional epidemiological study of hypertensive patients and controls. SETTING: The participating study subjects visited the research laboratory of the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. SUBJECTS: Six hundred treated male and female hypertensives aged 40-59 years and 600 age- and sex-matched controls were randomly selected by age stratification from population registers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A wide range of laboratory analyses were conducted. After fasting blood had been drawn, the subjects were given a 75 g glucose load except previously known insulin-treated diabetics. Both 1 h and 2 h glucose and insulin concentrations were determined. During the same visit, a standardized health questionnaire covering the past medical history, current and former medication use, physical activity, smoking habits, alcohol consumption and family history was completed. Ten different definitions of the metabolic syndrome were applied to achieve a wide perspective of the prevalence of the different combinations. RESULTS: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in different samples varied depending on the definition from 0.8 to 35.3%, being lowest in the control men and women and highest in the hypertensive men. Three-quarters of a random, middle-aged, urban population show at least one cardiovascular risk factor and 91.3% of all the hypertensive subjects show at least one cardiovascular risk factor in addition to hypertension itself. The independent predictors of the metabolic syndrome were waist circumference, uric acid, total cholesterol and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in logistic analysis after adjustment for age, measure of obesity and gender. CONCLUSIONS: This cross-sectional, epidemiological study shows that the magnitude of the prevalence rates of the metabolic syndrome is at the same level in various populations, being less than one-third in population-based samples in spite of the different definitions. The cluster of several cardiovascular risk factors, especially in the hypertensives, leads to an increased relative risk of cardiovascular diseases.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of the metabolic abnormalities associated with hypertension and to define the predictors of the metabolic syndrome by different definitions in random population-based samples. DESIGN: A cross-sectional epidemiological study of hypertensivepatients and controls. SETTING: The participating study subjects visited the research laboratory of the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. SUBJECTS: Six hundred treated male and female hypertensives aged 40-59 years and 600 age- and sex-matched controls were randomly selected by age stratification from population registers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A wide range of laboratory analyses were conducted. After fasting blood had been drawn, the subjects were given a 75 g glucose load except previously known insulin-treated diabetics. Both 1 h and 2 h glucose and insulin concentrations were determined. During the same visit, a standardized health questionnaire covering the past medical history, current and former medication use, physical activity, smoking habits, alcohol consumption and family history was completed. Ten different definitions of the metabolic syndrome were applied to achieve a wide perspective of the prevalence of the different combinations. RESULTS: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in different samples varied depending on the definition from 0.8 to 35.3%, being lowest in the control men and women and highest in the hypertensivemen. Three-quarters of a random, middle-aged, urban population show at least one cardiovascular risk factor and 91.3% of all the hypertensive subjects show at least one cardiovascular risk factor in addition to hypertension itself. The independent predictors of the metabolic syndrome were waist circumference, uric acid, total cholesterol and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in logistic analysis after adjustment for age, measure of obesity and gender. CONCLUSIONS: This cross-sectional, epidemiological study shows that the magnitude of the prevalence rates of the metabolic syndrome is at the same level in various populations, being less than one-third in population-based samples in spite of the different definitions. The cluster of several cardiovascular risk factors, especially in the hypertensives, leads to an increased relative risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Authors: Tero J W Pääkkö; Juha S Perkiömäki; Y Antero Kesäniemi; Antti S Ylitalo; Jarmo A Lumme; Heikki V Huikuri; Olavi H Ukkola Journal: J Hum Hypertens Date: 2018-02-07 Impact factor: 3.012
Authors: Yong-Woo Park; Shankuan Zhu; Latha Palaniappan; Stanley Heshka; Mercedes R Carnethon; Steven B Heymsfield Journal: Arch Intern Med Date: 2003-02-24
Authors: Tiia Kangas-Kontio; Sakari Kakko; Minna Tamminen; Peter von Rohr; Ina Hoeschele; Tatu Juvonen; Juha Kere; Markku J Savolainen Journal: Eur J Hum Genet Date: 2009-11-25 Impact factor: 4.246
Authors: Olli-Juhani Galla; Antti Ylitalo; Antti Kiviniemi; Heikki Huikuri; Y Antero Kesäniemi; Olavi Ukkola Journal: Ann Med Date: 2020-03-22 Impact factor: 4.709
Authors: Cihangir Erem; Arif Hacihasanoglu; Orhan Deger; Murat Topbaş; Ilgin Hosver; Halil Onder Ersoz; Gamze Can Journal: Endocrine Date: 2008-03-13 Impact factor: 3.633