Dose errors in the near field of an HDR brachytherapy stepping source.

The dose rate at point P at 0.25 cm in water from the transverse bisector of a straight catheter with an active stepping source (Nucletron microSelectron HDR source) with a dwell length of 2 cm was calculated using Monte Carlo code MCNP 4.A. The source step sizes were 1 cm and 0.25 cm. The Monte Carlo (MC) results were used for comparison with the results calculated with the Nucletron brachytherapy planning system (BPS) formalism, first with BPS variants and then with its respective MC calculated radial dose function and anisotropy function. The dose differences at point P calculated using the BPS formalism and variants are +15.4% and +3.1% for the source step size of 1 cm and 0.25 cm respectively. This reduction in dose difference is caused by the increased importance of errors in the anisotropy function with the smaller step size, which counter the errors in the radial dose function. Using the MC calculated radial dose function and anisotropy function with the BPS formalism. 1% dose calculation accuracy can be achieved, even in the near field, with negligible extra demand on computation time.