Refractory gastrointestinal symptoms: a combined medical psychiatric approach.

Gastroenterology has always been a collaborative specialty. Through the years, gastroenterologists have created important partnerships with pathologists, radiologists, surgeons, gynecologists, and pediatricians. These collaborative relationships have greatly enhanced patient care and research. This article reviews the literature on psychiatric comorbidity in the medical setting and gastroenterology practice in particular. The ability to recognize psychiatric comorbidity and relate it to the patient's presenting gastrointestinal (GI) complaint can pay great dividends for patients. The ability to apply these observations to help facilitate psychiatric collaboration and specifically, to initiate behavioral treatment, represents a new dimension in the care of chronic GI disorders. Finally, the relationship between physical and sexual abuse and GI illness and the usefulness of psychiatric interventions in the treatment of chronic GI disorders is reviewed in detail.