Effectors for the Rho GTPases.

The Rho GTPases are simple enzymes with complex roles in regulating cell morphology, gene transcription, cell cycle progression, apoptosis and tumour progression. The picture has been further complicated by the steady rise in the number of known Rho GTPases as well as in the number of known regulators and target proteins of these GTPases. Recent implications of Rho effectors in human disease, however, might give important clues to how specificity is achieved in cell signalling pathways employing Rho GTPases.