Comparison of treatment of mastitis by oxytocin or antibiotics following detection according to changes in milk electrical conductivity prior to visible signs.

Mastitis was induced in dairy cows by infusion of 500 cfu of Streptococcus uberis into the mammary gland. Most infections developed to clinical disease, and the majority were predicted by changes in the electrical conductivity of the foremilk. The benefits of clinical prognosis and bacteriological cure were determined for cases that were treated when predicted to develop into clinical mastitis and compared with cases that were allowed to develop until milk clotted or until pyrexia before intramammary antibiotic treatment was used. Treatment prior to clinical mastitis included use of intramammary antibiotic or intramuscular oxytocin to allow stripping of residual milk to remove bacteria. All infections in which treatment was delayed resulted in clinical mastitis that was cured clinically and bacteriologically by sustained treatment using a broad-spectrum intramammary antibiotic preparation once daily but requiring a mean treatment time of 10 d. It was possible to prevent clinical mastitis from developing and to eliminate all infections in cows that were treated early when the developing disease was predicted by changes in the electrical conductivity of quarter foremilk and was treated aggressively by administering an intramammary antibiotic at each milking for 3 d. Treatment of 20 IU of oxytocin at six successive milkings of cows that were predicted to develop disease eliminated 25% of the infections, but 75% of the cows developed clinical mastitis. Those cases were resolved by sustained daily treatment using the same intramammary antibiotic. Elimination (100% clinical and bacteriological cure) of all infections caused by Strep. uberis was possible with early and aggressive or sustained use of the intramammary antibiotic. The early intervention using an intramammary antibiotic, when infection was first indicated by changes in the electrical conductivity of milk, was the most efficient method to achieve cure and led to quicker recovery of milk quality to a saleable standard.